Welcome to MS Teams!
Microsoft Teams is a cloud service that allows you to connect employees within the organization to collaborate on joint projects, communicate through conversation or video calls, file sharing and more. Although it is a service that can be accessed via an Internet browser (Chrome, Edge, Safari), there is the possibility of downloading a Windows/Mac desktop application or an application for mobile platforms (Android, iOS).
Teams is based on Microsoft 365 groups and the Microsoft Graph platform, and runs on Azure infrastructure. It therefore uses all Azure Active Directory benefits related to security, user rights management and roles.
To be able to access the service, you need to have the appropriate Microsoft 365 or other subscription that includes Teams, and the system administrator should open you an account. There is a possibility of opening a free account on the MS Teams site, but in this way you can access only part of the functionality of the service. Somehow, it seems to me that with the free version you are missing a lot of useful features.
Team members are members of the organization (those who have licenses) and it is possible to add guests (users outside the organization) or external participants who can attend the meetings.
Teams allows you to connect to all Microsoft 365 applications and services. Moreover, you can access it directly from Outlook. It can be upgraded with a multitude of free and paid applications that you can access from the online store. It can also connect to dedicated applications that someone has developed for your company via appropriate connectors.